Two smooth stone blocks vertically equals a button, and produces an On signal for a while. 6 iron in the shape of a door creates an iron/steel door, only open when receiving an On signal. Wires, which are the red dust found near bedrock in newly generated areas, can be placed on the ground, these transmit signals. 3 smooth stone or wood horizontally creates a pressure plate, sends an On signal when pressed and disappears when there is no block under it. Stick under the wire 'dust' is a battery, transmitting a constant On signal. When the wire is stepped on, it disappears. TNT reacts to On signals by blowing up. Levers are one stick ontop of cobblestone and can be switched between On and Off signals. Curved tracks react to On and Off signals by flipping either to left or right.

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Credit to Bloodshot