No. Xbox uses the LIVE system in order to connect with others, which is also what Minecraft uses. And since LIVE requires an Internet connection, you would not be able to join a LAN server unless you have two Xboxes in the same household with one of them hosting a server.

But since that's very unlikely to happen, the answer is no

If you're talking about the LAN servers on the PC, the answer is no. The PC game does not have any direct links to LIVE, nor does Mojang intend to change that.